However, long-term continuous rainfall observations in Indonesia are only available at a very limited number of locations. In this context, the availability and quality of baseline climate data are crucial to carry out both bottom-up and top-down climate change studies at regional scales. While climate change analyses using the top-down approach have been facilitated by downscaling of projected future precipitation under the WCRP CORDEX (the Program Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment sponsored by World Climate Research Program) for the Southeast Asia region, the feasibility of further quantitative impact studies depends on the availability of observational data to calibrate the model output. High impacts of hydrometeorological disasters (drought, wildfire, flood, and landslide) in Indonesia are associated with the excess or deficit of rainfall and more prevalent than other types of climatological disasters such as heat wave. Therefore, accurate estimation of hazards and risks due to historical and projected climate anomalies is essential to make development and business plans more climate proof and adaptive to climate change. During 1900 to 2011, 56% of the disasters that killed almost 241,000 people affected about 28 million population at a cost of around US$ 24 billion are of hydrometeorological (climate-related) type. The risks are even higher for countries like Indonesia that are prone to natural disasters. Furthermore, climate change is causing extreme weather events and climate anomalies to increase in both frequency and intensity, leading to greater risks for natural and human systems.
In terms of agricultural production, for example, roughly one-third of the observed variations in global yield is caused by climate variability. IntroductionĬlimate variability at subseasonal, seasonal, interannual, and interdecadal timescales has potential societal impacts across the globe. Results of this study suggest that MSWEP (v2) is presently the best gridded precipitation datasets available for climatological and hydrological applications in Indonesia. The extreme performances for all datasets are still good in 75 th percentiles however, the performances decrease at more than 75th percentiles indicating still a poorly representation of daily extreme rainfall for all gridded datasets. By applying summation of rank (SR), it is found that MSWEP and TMPA 3B42 are the top two datasets that outperformed based on distribution and time sequence performance metric groups. The datasets are compared against the observed daily rainfall at 133 stations using 13 statistical metrics that can be classified into three groups with different characteristics of measurements, namely distribution, time sequence, and extreme value representations. This article aims at finding the most appropriate one for climatological and hydrological applications in Indonesia, by evaluating the statistics of the performance of eight different datasets (research products) having horizontal resolutions between 0.1 and 0.25 and with a time span of data availability from 2003 to 2015. Visit our Author page for many more journal & notebook designs.Gridded precipitation datasets have been used as alternatives to rain gauge observations, but their applicability for a specific region should be thoroughly evaluated. Paper: Small dot grid on white paper Pages: 100 off-white sturdy pages Cover: Soft, matte cover Buy this hand-designed motivational and inspirational dot grid journal today and receive fast delivery service from Amazon. Our bullet notebooks and dot grid journals are the perfect gift for any occasion, for friends, lovers and family!! Dot Grid Journal Features: Size: 6x9 inch Ideal for habit tracking, budget tracking, planning, journaling, notes, ideas. Enjoy these 100 off-white, dot grid pages to let all your creative juices flow. A gorgeous, hand-designed cover that fits perfectly into your bag. A fantastic dot grid journal, with high-quality paper, the perfect fit for doodles, journaling and creativity. The perfect positive dot grid journal for anyone with an entrepreneurial spirit. Whether it’s for work, college, home or pleasure this hand-designed stylish journal will meet your needs. Inspirational Bullet Notebook This paperback bullet notebook has dot gridded paper, with 100 pages (50 spreads), measuring at 6 x 9 inch.
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